TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN INDIA (PART - 4)

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31.Jatropha curcas L. 

It is native to the tropical areas of earth from North American country to Argentina, and has been unfold throughout the world in tropical and semitropical regions round the world, turning into naturalized or invasive in several areas.

The name “Jatropha” springs from the Greek words “jatros,” which suggests “doctor” and “trophe,” which means “food,” that is related to its medicinal uses. 

Taxonomical Classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Malpighiales

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Genus: Jatropha

Species: J. curcas 

Medicinal uses 

Jatropha curcas  roots are used for

• Treating skin disorder
• scabies
• ringworm 
• venereal disease wherever  these diseases are caused  by fungi and bacterial infections 
• Dysentery 
• Looseness of the bowels  
• Antihelmintic properties  
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STD)  
• Antimicrobial activity
• Eczema, 

Jatropha curcas Leaves  are used for

• Treatment of duct trauma   
• Wound healing
• Fever   
• Rheumatism   
• Jaundice   
• Leucaemia  
• Anti-parasitic activity 
• Malaria   
• Promote lactation dysentery and 
• Intestinal colic

Jatropha curcas seed oil is employed for 

• Arthritis
• Jaundice
• Inflammation
• Rheumatic pain and
• Purgative action

Jatropha curcas stems and branches used for

• Inhibits HIV induces cytopathic effects  with low cytotoxicity from water extract of the branches        
• Strong antimicrobial agents as from the extract from the branches        
• Antimicrobial activities from secondary metabolites extract from the stem bark exert antimicrobial activities through totally different mechanisms       

Jatropha curcas latex is employed cyclophilin B  Curcacycline B isolated from latex    

• Procoagulant and anticoagulant medication activities of blood  (Latex of Jatropha curcas reducing the clotting time of human blood            Anti-inflammation) by massaging the latex to the traumatic space          
• Bactericide activity against staphylococci aureus       
• Wasp and bee stings 
• Digestive troubles in children

Colloquial name

English: Physic nut,Purging nut, Jatropha, Barbados nut, Chander-Jyoti, Pulza 

Tamil: Kattukkotta கட்டுகொட்டை ,Kattukkotai

Malayalam: Kattamank,Katalavanakku കടലാവനാക്കു

Hindi: रतनजोत Ratanjot,जमाल घोटा Jamal Ghota,जंगली अरंडी Jangli Arandi

Gujarati: Jamalgot જમાલગોટ,Radau-khurung

Kannada: Kananeranda

Marathi: Maraharalu,Mogli Erand

Oriya: Dhalajahaji,Jahazigaba

Konkani: Mogli Erandi

Manipuri: অৱা কেগে Awa Kege

Assamese: Bongali-era,Bongali-bhotora,Salika Kund,Bongali Era,Bhenda,Bongali-botora,Bhot-era

Bengali: Bherenda,Bagbherenda,Sada Verenda

Telugu: Adavi Amudam,Nepalam

bodo: Enda 

Sanskrit: Darvanti 

Mizo: Kangdamdawi, Thingthau;

Dental uses 

Jatropha curcas leaves are used for mouth infection.

Jatropha curcas latex is employed for sooth baby’s inflamed tongue, gum trauma and odontalgia The latex is employed as mouth rinse.

A bit latex on absorbent cotton to cure aching,and additionally latex have anti  fungal properties thus it's used for treating fungal infections within the mouth. 

Jatropha curcas stems and branches used for Gumboils and strengthen the gums as twigs are used as toothbrush

Photo credit: Kumarsukhadeo  (Wikipedia commons) 

32.Justicia adhatoda L. 

The plant's native vary is that the Indian landmass (Assam, Bangladesh, India, nepal and Sri Lanka), Laos and Asian nation. it's been introduced elsewhere.

Justicia adhatoda L. contains a range of ancient healthful uses in Siddha drugs, Ayurvedic, homoeopathy and Unani systems of drugs.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Lamiales

Family: Acanthaceae

Genus: Justicia

Species: J. adhatoda 

Medicinal uses 

Various elements of the plant are employed in 

Indian ancient drugs for the treatment of 

• asthma attack
• joint pain
• lumber pain
• sprains
• cold
• cough
• eczema, 
• malaria
• rheumatism
• swelling and 
• genital diseases 

J. adhatoda has conjointly been utilized by the 

European medical practitioners. 

The fluid extract and tincture were employed in England as an antispasmodic, expectorant and antipyretic. 

it had been aforesaid to be useful in intermittent, typhus and diphtheria. 

In Germany, the leaves are used as an medication and spasmolytic agent .

A Hinduism observe is to chew the leaf buds alone or with a little ginger root, to clear the metabolic process passages in preparation for the vigorous respiratory exercises. 

The various preparation of leaves are used for set 

• bleeding
• haemorrahge
• skin diseases
• wounds
• headache and 
• Hansen's disease in geographic area. 

The injured fresh leaves are used for snake-bites in Bharat and Sri Lanka. 

Usually, yellow leaves are exploited for cough

Smoke from leaves is employed for respiratory disorder. 

The plant leaves are used for checking postnatal 

haemorrhage and urinary bother.

The leaf powder cooked in oil is employed to 

stop injury, earaches in addition as pus from ears and jaundice.

The extract of roots of J. adhatoda is usually utilized by rural population against 

• polygenic disorder
• cough and 
• bound liver disorders. 

The paste, powder and decoction of root is employed for set 

• T.B
• diphtheria
• protozoal infection fever
• leucorrhoea and 
• eye diseases. 

Flowers are used for treatment of 

• cold
• asthma
• bronchitis
• cough
• medicament
• fever and 
• venereal disease. 

It are used as antiseptic to boost blood circulation and feverish heet of blood.

The fruit of J. adhatoda are used for set 

• cold
• antispasmodic
• bronchitis
• Jaundice
• Diarrhea
• Dysentery
• Fever and
• Laxative.

Colloquial name 

English: Adhatoda,Vasaka,Vasa,Malabar nut

Tamil: ஆசலை acalai, ஆடாதோடை atatotai, ஆட்டுசம் attucam, சிம்மமுகி cimma-muki, சிங்கம் cinkam, சுவாது cuvatu, இரத்தபித்தம் iratta-pittam, காட்டுமுருங்கை kattu-murunkai, பாவட்டை pavattai, வாசை vacai, வாசாதி vacati, வைத்தியமாதா vaittiya-mata 

Hindi: अरुस arus, अड़ूसा arusa, प्रामाद्य pramadya, रूस rus, सिंहपर्णी sinh-parni, वाजिनी vajini, विसौटा visauta

Malayalam: Vasica,Pothadalotakam,Aadalodakam

Assamese: Boga-bahak,Bahok-tita,Baska tita,Boga bahak,Bahka-tita,বগা বাহক boga bahok 

Bengali: বাসক basak 

Gujarati: અરડૂસી aradusi, અરડૂસો araduso 

Kannada: ಆಡುಸೋಗೆ Aadusoge 

Konkani: अडूलशा adulasha, अडुलसो adulso, अडुसोगे adusoge Malayalam: ആടലോടകം aatalootakam 

Nepali: असुरो asuro, कालो भासक kalo bhasaka 

Oriya: basango, vrysha 

Telugu: అడ్డసరము addasaramu

Manipuri: ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯡꯈꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ Nongmangkha angouba 

Marathi: अडुळसा adulasa 

Mizo: kâwl-dai 

Sanskrit: अटरुष Atarusa, प्रामाद्य Pra-madya, सिंहास्या Simhasya, वाजिदंत Vaji-danta, वाजिन् Vajin, वासक Vaaska, वसुक Vasuka 

Toxic effects 

Vasicine has been tried in a very preliminary human study being conducted for interruption of mid-trimester pregnancy by intraamniotic instillation of the drug. 

Doses above sixty mg got in twelve cases and every one of them aborted when regarding 48 h. 

Different studies it's been shown that 

vasicine may be a terribly effective medication agent in human beings and stopping post-partum hemorrhage

Dental uses 

Justicia adhatoda Stem used as tooth stick to cure gum inflammations. 

Malabar nut flowers

Photo credit: ShineB (Wikipedia commons) 

Malabar nut (Adhatoda) leaves

33.Lawsonia alba Lamk (Lawsonia inermis) 

Lawsonia inermis, could be a spermatophyte and also the sole species of the genus Lawsonia. 

Lawsonia inermis (L. inermis) (henna) grows well in hot and dry climates across the 

• Arabian Peninsula
• North and east African region
• South Asia
• The southern areas of the center East. 

it's the supply of the dye henna accustomed dye skin, hair and fingernails, likewise as materials as well as silk, wool and animal skin.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Myrtales

Family: Lythraceae

Subfamily: Lythroideae

Genus: Lawsonia L.

Species: L. inermis

Medicinal uses

Henna leaves, flowers, seeds, stem bark and roots 

are employed in ancient medication to treat a spread of ailments as 

• rheumatoid arthritis

• headache

• ulcers

• diarrheoa

• leprosy

• fever

• leucorrhoea

• diabetes

• cardiac malady

• hepatoprotective and 

• colouring agent.

The bark is applied within the variety of a stewing to 

burns and scalds. 

it's given internally in an exceedingly type of 

• affections
• adore jaundice
• enlargement of the spleen
• calculus 
• Hansen's disease and
• Obstinate skin affections.

Root is taken into account as a potent medication for gonorrhoea and herpes infection. 

Root is astringent could also be pulped and used for sore eyes. 

Pulped root may additionally  be 

applied to the heads of youngsters for boils.  

Leaves is employed for assuaging 

• jaundice
• skin diseases
• genital diseases
• variola and 
• spermatorrhoea.

It possess 

• robust antibacterial 
• antioxidant
• hepatoprotective
• antiviral
• anti-inflammatory and 
• anti-parasitic potentials. 

In ancient drugs it's used as a memory-enhancing agent. 

Numerous chemical constituents are derived from the leaves of L. inermis which could be answerable for its scavenging and different pharmacologic potentials.

Glutathione plays a big role within the detoxification of free radicals therefore reducing stress and enhancing cellular functions. 

Glutathione levels are reduced in morbid conditions resulting in aerophilous stress.

L. inermis had the flexibility to reverse the amnesia due to free radical-induced neurodegeneration,the precise mechanism of action isn't known but, the anti-oxidant property of L. inermis could be answerable for the nootropic potential of the plant.

Alcoholic extract of the bark of L. inermis showed 

hepatoprotective impact against the carbon tetrachloride-induced elevation in blood serum marker enzymes (GOT and GPT), serum hematoidin, liver lipoid peroxidation and reduction in total serum protein, liver glutathione, peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, glycogen, SOD and enzyme activity.

Aqueous extract of leaves of L. inermis was found to inhibit sickling and to extend the element affinity of HbSS blood.

Chloroform and binary compound extracts of leaves of the plant were capable of inhibiting the expansion of microorganisms that are involved in inflicting burn wound infections.

Histological studies of the tissue showed enlarged 

well organized bands of albuminoid, a lot of fibroblasts and few inflammatory cells when put next with the controls that showed inflammatory cells, scanty scleroprotein fibres and 

fibroblasts.

Colloquial name 

English: Henna Egyptian Privet,Egyptian

Tamil: மருதாணி Marudaani

Malayalam: Mailanji

Hindi: Mehendi मेहेंदी 

Kannada: ಗೋರಂಟಿ Goranti, ಮದರಂಗಿ Madarangi, ಮದರಂಗ Madaranga, ಮಧುರಂಗಿ Madhurangi, ಕೊರಟೆ Korate 

Manipuri: ꯍꯦꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ Hena pambi 

Assamese: Jetuka, Privet,Henna

Dental uses

Bark of stem is chewed and unbroken between the teeth for concerning 20 minutes to cure 

toothache.

Tiny stem is employed as toothbrush.

Due to his antifungal and antibacterial impact of lawsonia Inermis it's conjointly used as mouthwash ect., 

Henna leaves

34.Madhuca indica Gmel (Madhuca longifolia). 

Madhuca longifolia is an Indian tropical tree found for the most part within the central and north Indian plains and forests. 

It's a fast-growing tree that grows to just about twenty meters tall, possesses evergreen or semi-evergreen foliage, and belongs to the family Sapotaceae. 

It's all-mains to arid environments, being a distinguished tree in tropical mixed deciduous forests in India within the states of 

• Odisha
• Chhattisgarh
• Jharkhand
• Bihar
• Maharashtra
• Telangana
• Madhya Pradesh
• Kerala
• Gujarat
• West Bengal and 
• Tamil Nadu.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Ericales

Family: Sapotaceae

Genus: Madhuca

Species: M. longifolia

Medicinal uses 

Different elements of M. longifolia has shown effectivity in the treatment of 

• encephalopathy
• diabetes
• inflammation
• bronchitis
• ulceration and different diseases.

Madhuca oil extracted from seed is employed as 

biofuel, edible fats and has shown sensible antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. 

The flowers are renowned for its reducing sugar content and are used as 

• cooling agent
• astringent
• demulcent and 

clinical study proves its activity in increasing the spermatozoon count. 

Leaves of M. longifolia are utilized in Cushing's malady and respiratory illness and have inhibitor properties. 

The barks have shown remedy for itchiness, swelling, snake poisoning and polygenic disorder. 

Flowers are used for respiratory illness, demulcent, diuretic, analgesic, as cooling agents and tonic. 

It's also used for treatment against helminths infestation moreover as inflammatory disease and also shows aphrodisiac activity. 

The bark additionally exhibits varied medicine properties and is employed for 

• bronchitis
• diabetes
• rheumatism
• bleeding
• ulcer
• tonsillitis
• pharyngitis and 
• spongy gums. 

It's additionally shown to be sensible remedy against swelling, bite poisoning, itchiness and fractures. 

Leaves of Madhuca are used for the treatment of 

• polygenic disorder
• Cushing's malady
• bronchitis
• rheumatism
• haemorrhoids
• cephalagia
• enteric diseases, and 
• dermatopathy. 

The leaves are used as hepatoprotectants, for wound healing activity and as inhibitor.

Seed fat has emulscent property, are utilized in symptom, rheumatism, headache, in piles as a laxative, in disease of the skin and additionally as a galactogogue. 

Madhuca roots have shown its action against inflammation, and as antipyretic. 

The roots are utilized in diarrhea, as antioxidant, and for the treatment of pthisis and TB

Hepatoprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of M. longifolia bark was studied supported D-galactosamine iatrogenic liver hepatitis. 

The hepatoprotective impact of M. longifolia has been shown in earlier studies. 

The increase in blood serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transferase, blood serum glutamic pyruvic transferase, alkaline  enzyme, and bilirubin levels induced by D-galactosamine administration was considerably reduced. 

Colloquial name 

English: Indian Butter Tree, honey tree 

Tamil: Kattu Illupai, iluppai(இலுப்பை) 

Hindi: महुआ Mahua, Mohwa 

Malayalam: Illupa

Bengali: Maul 

Assamese: Mahua

Marathi: Kat-illipi 

Telugu: Ippa

Gujarati: mahuda 

Kannada: ಇಪ್ಪೆ Ippe ಹುನಗೆ Hunage, ಕಾಡಿಪ್ಪೆ Kaadippe, ಹಾಲಿಪ್ಪೆ Haalippe, ದೊಡ್ಡಿಪ್ಪೆ Doddippe

Oriya:Mahula ମହୂଲ

Rajasthan: dolma 

Sri Lanka: මී mee

French: illipe, arbre à beurre, bassie, madhuca

Myanmar: ကမ်းဇော်

Dental uses

The astringent bark extract is employed for dental-related issues.

Small branches are cut in to tiny items and used as toothbrush to wash the teeth, rising in mustard oil to cure ache. 

More the stem bark with latex is employed to cure pyorrhea. 

Butter tree leaves

Photo credit: J.M.Garg (Wikipedia commons) 

Butter tree flowers

Photo credit: Gypsypkd (Wikipedia commons) 

35.Mangifera indica L. 

I have detailedly described about 

• Taxonomical classification 
• Medicinal uses 
• Colloquial name 
• Dental uses 

In separate blog please click to see that

Mango tree

36.Mentha spicata L.

Mentha spicata, native to Europe and southern temperate Asia, extending from ireland within the west to southern China in the east. 

It's naturalized in several different temperate components of the globe, together with northern and southern continent, North America and South America.

It is used as a flavourer in food and herbal teas. 

The aromatic oil, referred to as oil of Mentha spicata, is additionally used as a flavourer and typically as a scent.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Lamiales

Family: Lamiaceae

Genus: Mentha

Species: M. spicata 

Medicinal uses 

The plant is taken into account a supply material for EO that has been found to be a valuable source of natural synthetic resin 

• antioxidants
• cholinesterase inhibitors
• pancreatic lipase inhibitors and 
• biofilm 
• disinfection
• antifungal and 
• antiproliferative agents.

In ancient Arabic Palestinian flavoring drugs (TAPHM), the contemporary and dried Mentha spicata Greek deity are used for the treatment of 

• obesity
• dementia
• cardiovascular disease
• abdominal pain
• digestive disorders
• muscle spasm
• flatulence
• headache
• fever
• catamenial pain
• asthma
• cough
• cold
• depression and 
• others. 

Mentha spicata is also used for the event of recent formulations of nutraceutical products for the management of chronic illnesss reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease and overweight

The main chemical element of Mentha spicata is that the terpenoid carvone, that has been shown to help within the inhibition of tumors.

Perillyl alcohol, an extra terpenoid found in lower concentrations in Mentha spicata, absolutely effects the regulation of varied cell substances concerned in cell growth and differentiation. 

Mentha-derived eos are used as a folks remedy for respiratory diseases admire 

• bronchitis
• sinusitis
• T.B.,
• common cold.

Spearmint has been traditionally used for its antimicrobial activity, that is probably going due to the high concentration of carvone.

Its in vitro bactericide activity has been compared to, and is even same to surpass, that of amoxicillin, penicillin, and streptomycin.

Spearmint oil is found to own higher activity against gram-positive microorganism compared to gram-negative bacteria, which can result to differing sensitivities to oils.

The degree of antimicrobial activity varies with the sort of being tested.

Colloquial name 

English: Gardenmint,Spear mint,Lamb mint

Hindi: पहाड़ी पुदीना Pahari Pudina 

Tamil: pudhina புதினா 

Italy: Menta verde

Netherlands: groene Munt

Nepali: पुदिना Pudinaa, बाबरी Baabaree, पतिना Patinaa

Germany: Gruene Minze

Sweden: Groenmynta

Dental uses

Leaves are chewed as mouth freshners for avoid dangerous smell.

Soak a cotton ball in the oil and place it within the cavity or rub it on the tooth.

It's additionally used as solution to relieve gum inflammation.

Photo credit: Kamrul Islam Shaheen (Wikipedia commons) 

37.Millettia pinnata (Pongamia pinnata) 

Millettia pinnata is a species of tree within the legume family, native to eastern and tropical Asia, Australia and Pacific islands.

It is typically acknowledged by the equivalent word Pongamia pinnata because it was moved to the genus Millettia only recently.

It is associate degree Indo-Malaysian species, a medium-sized evergreen tree, common on sediment and coastal things from india to Fiji, from water level to 1200 m. 

Currently found in Australia, Florida, Hawaii, India, Malaysia, Oceania, Philippines and Seychelles.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Genus: Millettia

Species: M. pinnata

Medicinal uses 

In the standard systems of medicines, like writing and Unani, the P. pinnata plant is employed for 

• anti-inflammatory, 
• anti-plasmodial 
• anti-nonciceptive 
• anti-hyperglycaemic, 
• anti-lipidperoxidative
• anti-diarrhoeal
• anti-ulcer
• anti-hyperammonic and 
• antioxidant.

The flowers of this plant are found to possess 

• anti-hyperglycemic 
• anti-lipid peroxidation properties. 
• redness
• piles
• urinary discharges 
• diseases of the 
• brain
• eye
• head and 
• skin, 

The oil for 

• biliousness
• eye ailments
• itch
• leucoderma, 
• rheumatism
• skin diseases
• worms 
• wounds. 

Unani system uses the seed

• carminative and depurative
• for chest complaints
• chronic fevers
• earache
• Lumbago. 

Young shoots are counseled for rheumatism. 

Ayurvedic drugs delineated  the basis and 

bark as

• alexipharmic
• anthelmintic 
• helpful in abdominal enlargement
• ascites
• biliousness
• diseases of the attention
• skin and vagina
• itch
• piles
• splenomegaly
• tumours
• ulcers 
• wounds

The sprouts, thought of 

• alexiteric
• anthelmintic, 
• aperitif 
• gastric
• Inflammation, piles 
• skin diseases

Leaves are effective as a medicated bath and in 

• rheumatic pains 
• Micrococcus
• anthelmintic
• Laxative
• inflammations
• piles and wounds

Leaves juice is used for 

• cold
• coughs
• diarrhoea
• dyspepsia
• flatulence
• gonorrhoea and 
• Hansen's disease. 

Roots are employed for treatment of gonorrhoea 

Seeds are employed in 

• high blood pressure
• bronchitis
• whooping cough
• skin diseases and 
• rheumatic arthritis.  

Flavones, isoflavones, chalcones, furanoflavonoids and pyranoflavonoids are reportable because the main phenolic resin constituents from numerous components of the investigated plant. 

A furanoflavone, karanjin, isolated from the seeds of this plant possesses insecticidal and medicament properties. 

Alcoholic extracts of P. pinnata seed oil showed activity against each Gram positive and Gram negative bacterium. 

The oil has been applied in infection, herpes, leucoderma and alternative body covering diseases. 

Internally, it's generally been used as a gastric and cholagogue just in case of dyspepsia with sluggish liver.

Aqueous methyl alcohol was established to be the foremost effective solvent to recover higher amounts of phenolics from totally different components of P. pinnata compared with alternative solvents.

It has been reportable that 70% ethanolic extract of 

P. pinnata leaves has potent medicine activity 

against different phases (acute, acute and chronic) of inflammation while not aspect on viscus mucous membrane.

It has been evaluated that anti-microbial couple electroconvulsive therapy of crude decoction of dried leaves of P. pinnata and additionally evaluated 

its couple electroconvulsive therapy on production and action of enterotoxins (Cholera toxin, E. coli labile poison and E. coli stable toxin) and adherence of enteropathogenic E. coli and invasion 

of enteroinvasive E. coli and enterobacteria FL exneri to epithelial cells. 

The simmering had no anti-bacterial, anti-giardial, and anti-rotaviral activities, however reduced production of cholera toxin and microorganism invasion to epithelial cells.

The ascertained result indicated that simmering of P. pinnata has selective anti-diarrhoeal action with efficacy against cholera and enteroinvasive microorganism strains inflicting bloody 

diarrhoeal. 

Colloquial name 

English : Pongam Tree, Indian Beech Tree, Pongame Oil Tree 

Tamil: ஆசிருந்தம் aciruntam, ஆகிரந்தம் akirantam, ஆலம் alam, இலஞ்சி ilanchi, காஞ்சனம் kanchanam, கரஞ்சம் karancham, கேந்திதம் kentitam, கிரஞ்ச மரம் kiranca maram, கொள்ளியம் kolliyam, நகுத்தம் nakuttam, நணந்தம் nanantam, நத்தம் nattam, நத்தமாலம் nattamalam, நீர்ப்புன்கு nir-p-punku, பாற்புங்கு par-punku, பொரிமலர் pori-malar, பொறியமலம் pori-y-amalam, புங்கை punkai, புன்கம் punkam, புன்கு punku, பூந்தி punti, பூதிகம் putikam, பூவந்தி puvanti, தட்டைப்புன்கு tattai-p-punku, உதகு utaku

Hindi: कलिंग kalinga, करंज karanj, नक्तमाल naktmal, पापड़ papar, पापड़ा papra 

Malayalam: പൊങ്ങം pongam, പുങ്ങു punnu 

Assamese: কৰচ koroch 

Bengali: করঞ্জ karanja, করমজা karamaja, কেঞ্জা kenja, কেরাং keram, করচ koroch, পিঠেওড়া pitheora, পিঠেসরা pithesara, পিঠাকাড়া pithakara, তিদিলা tidila 

Konkani: करंजी karamji, ಕರಿಜೆರೂಕು karinje-ruku 

Marathi: करंज karanj 

Nepali: करेंगी Karengi, कद्जा Kadzaa 

Gujarati: કણઝી kanajhi, કરંજ karanja 

Kannada: ಹೊಂಗೆ ಮರ honge mara, ಹುಲಿಗಿಲಿ ಮರ huligili mara, ಕರಂಜ karanja 

Pali: करञ्ज karanja 

Punjabi: ਸੁਖਚੈਨ sukhchain 

Rajasthani: करंज karanj 

Telugu: కాడెపుతీగ kaadeputhige, కానుగ చెట్టు kaanuga chettu, కగ్గెర kaggera, క్రోవి krovi, వ్యాఘ్రనఖము vyaaghranakamu 

Odisa: ବୃତ୍ତଫଳ bruttaphala, ଛିତ୍ତି chhitti, କରଞ୍ଜ karanja, କରକ karaka, କରମର୍ଦ୍ଦ karamardda, କରଣି karani, କୋରଙ୍ଗ koranga, ଶାଖ sakha, ଶରଟ sarata, ଶତଘ୍ନୀ sataghni, ସୁଶବୀ susabi, ତିକ୍ତଗୁଞ୍ଜା tiktagunja 

Tulu: ಕೊಂರ್ಗು ಮರ korngu mara, ಪುಂಗು pungu

Sanskrit: बद्धफल baddhaphala, चिरबिल्व chirabilva, छित्ति chitti, ध्वाङ्क्षवल्ली dhvankshavalli, हस्तिचारिणी hasticharini, हस्तिकरञ्ज hastikaranja, हस्तिरोहणक hastirohanaka, कलिकार kalikara, कपि kapi, करज karaja, करञ्ज karanja, करिकृत् karikrt, क्षुद्ररसा kshudrarasa, महाकरञ्ज mahakaranja, नक्तमाल naktamala, पूतिपर्ण putiparna, षड्ग्रन्था shadgrantha, सरघा saragha, शाख shakha, शार्ङ्गष्टा sharngashta, शष्कुल shashkula, शतघ्नी shataghni, तिक्तगुञ्जा tiktagunja, तीरण tirana, उदकीर्ण udakirna, उदकीर्य udakirya, वल्लकरञ्ज vallakaranja, वनेक्षुद्रा vanekshudra, वर्धफल vardhaphala, वेष्टन veshtana, विद्धपर्कटी viddhaparkati, व्याघ्र vyaghra 

Dental uses 

Roots are used for cleanup gums, teeth, and ulcers.

Small branches are cut in to tiny items and used as tooth brush to scrub the teeth. 

Tender leaf twigs are chewed and pressed between the teeth for regarding fifteen minutes to cure odontalgia.

Unani system uses the ash to strengthen the teeth

Photo credit: Forest & Kim Starr (Wikipedia commons) 

Photo credit: J.M.Garg (Wikipedia commons) 

38.Mimusops elengi L. 

Mimusops elengi may be a medium-sized evergreen tree found in tropical forests in South Asia, Southeast Asia and northern Australia.

Its timber is effective, the fruit is edible, and it's utilized in ancient medication. 

Because the trees offer thick shade and flowers emit fragrance, it's a prized assortment of gardens.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Ericales

Family: Sapotaceae

Genus: Mimusops

Species: M. elengi

Medicinal uses 

The bark, flowers, fruits, and seeds are utilized in Ayurvedic medication during which it's presupposed to be 

• astringent
• cooling
• anthelmintic
• tonic and 
• antipyretic. 

M. elengi contains kind of active phytoconstituents and therefore possess varied types of biological and medicine activities. 

It possess activities like 

• antibacterial drug
• antihemorrhoidal
• antifungal
• anticariogenic
• radical scavenging
• antihyperglycemic
• antineoplastic
• gastroprotective
• antinociceptive & drug effects 
• antiviral
• psychological feature enhancing activity  
• cytotoxic activities 

The bark is acrid and sweet; cooling, cardiotonic, alexipharmic, stomachic, anthelmintic, astringent; cures biliousness. 

The flowers are sweet, acrid, oleagenous

• cooling, astringent to the bowels
•  causes flatulence. 

They are used as expectorant; cures biliousness, liver complaints, diseases of the nose, headache, and their smoke is nice in asthma attack.

The root is good and sour; aphrodisiac, diuretic, astringent to the bowels; smart for Cupid's disease. 

The fruits are sweet and bitter

• aphrodisiac
• diuretic
• astringent to the bowels
• smart in venereal disease. 

The pulp of the ripe fruits is sweet and astringent and has been with success utilized in solidifying chronic infectious disease.

The leaves are documented for analgesic and antipyretic. 

Colloquial name 

English: West India medlar,Bakul tree,Asian bullet wood,Bullet wood,Spanish cherry

Tamil: Magadam,Magizhamaram,மகிழம்பூ Magizhamboo,Magizham

Malayalam: Ilanni, Elenji, Elangi, Mukura, Elanchi, Elengi, Bakulam

Hindi: Maulsari मौलसरी 

Gujarati: Barsoli

Bengali: Bakul 

Marathi: Bakuli 

Konkani: Omval 

Urdu: Kirakuli किराकुली 

Manipuri: বোকুল লৈ Bokul lei

Assamese: Bakul,Bokul

Telugu: పొగడ Pogada

Kannada: ರಂಜ Ranja, ರಂಜಲ್(ಲು) Ranjal • Gujarati: Barsoli 

Nepali: मौलसरी Maulasari, लंकासानी Lankaasaani, वकुल पुष्प Vakul Pushpa 

Dental uses 

In Ayurveda, M. elengi is thought for its strengthening property for teeth. 

It is primarily used for dental ailments like bleeding gums, pyorrhea, tooth decay, and loose teeth.

Small branches are cut in to tiny items and used as tooth brush, Stem bark is mainly utilized in dental ailments like bleeding gums, pyorrhea, cavity and 

looseness of teeth.

The seeds fix loose teeth; as an causative cures nasal congestion and headache.

Tha bark, flowers all are used for treating dental issues. the basis are as a gargle, strengthens the gums. 

For the loose teeth, ‘kawath’ of the bark together with pepper, honey and drawn butter if used as a gargle reduces the pain and strengthens the teeth.

For fixing up the teeth the seed powder is being rubbed on the teeth. 

Boiling of a root bark along side the milk taken within the morning for 3 days may strengthen the teeth of even an old person.

The bark of Bakula is one among the ingredients within the preparation of Mahakhadiradivati indicated for 

• stomatitis
• halitosis
• appetizer
• anorexia
• spongy gums 
• pharyngeal affections.

Photo credit: sarangib (Pixabay) 

39.Morus indica L.

Morus indica could be a is a deciduous tree.

Morus indica is native to the temperate and sub-tropical Himalayan region. 

It's presently cultivated in India, China, Japan, and East Africa. 

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Rosales

Family: Moraceae

Genus: Morus

Species: M. indica 

Medicinal uses 

Traditionally, the species are used for the interference of

•  Liver and excretory organ diseases
• joint injury
• anti-aging

because of their inhibitor properties. 

Morus species have synthetic resin compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that act as necessary antioxidants and promote helpful effects on human health. 

Morus indica is usually grownup for its healthful properties. like most berries, the mulberries of M. indica have potent inhibitor properties.

It has been shown to be an ally within the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2), because of its symptom effects. 

It may additionally function a supply for the event of latest therapeutic proposals for the interference or treatment of metabolic dysfunctions relating to obesity, particularly DM2. 

The primary healthful use of Morus indica is as a technique of regulation glucose levels in diabetic patients. 

Multiple studies in humans and mice have found that the utilization of Morus indica lowered  the glucose levels of diabetics through multiple completely different pathways.

Leaves of assorted kinds of the species Morus have a high concentration of sugar-mimicking alkaloids renowned to own symptom properties, such as 

• 1,4-dideoxy-1
• 4-imino-D-arabinitol
• 1-deoxynojirimycin
• 1,4-dideoxy-1
• 4-imino-D-ribitol. 

They're able to inhibit all or some enteral disaccharidases and duct gland amylases by regulation the uptake of monosaccharides, and are so therapeutically utilized in the oral treatment of kind a pair of diabetes. 

In relevance inhibitor properties, the presence of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stands out, which, among its main functions, prevents and reduces aerophilic injury within the organism. 

Morus nigra, leaves have a high content of 

• flavonoids
• tannins 
• coumarins
• polyphenols
• triterpene 
• steroid substances

that are capable of exerting an estrogenic or progesteronic impact. 

Fruits, roots, and leaves of mulberry tree are used for the treatment of 

• giddiness
• Insomnia
• premature aging
• DM2. 

They even have a protecting impact against induration of the arteries, liver and excretory organ disorders, and inflammation.

Colloquial name 

English: White Mulberry, Russian Mulberry, Silkworm Mulberry 

Tamil: கம்பிளிசெடி Kambli chedi

Malayalam: Mulbari,Pattunoolpuzhuchedi

Hindi: शहतूत Shahtoot, Chinni,Tutri, Shahtoot L

Sanskrit: Tula

Mizo: Thing-theihmu 

Assamese: Nuni,Kiskuri,Misturi-goch

Manipuri: কব্রঙচাক অঙৌবা Kabrangchak Angouba,Kabrangchak angouba

Kannada: ಹಿಪ್ಪುನೇರಳೆ Hippu nerale, ಕಂಬಳಿಗಿಡ Kambali gida, ಹಿಪ್ಪಲನೇರಳೆ Hippala nerale, ಉಪ್ಪುನೇರಳೆ Uppu nerale 

Dental uses

Twigs are used as teeth brush to clean the teeth 

Photo credit: Dinesh Valke (Wikipedia commons) 

40.Mukia maderaspatna (L.)

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Cucurbitales

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Genus: Mukia

Species: M. maderaspatana 

Medicinal uses 

Phytochemistry of M. madrespatana discovered the presence of 

• phenolic resin
• tannins
• flavonoids
• alkaloids
• saponins. 

These phytochemical compounds in M. madrespatana are strong-reducing agents thanks to their lush OH groups that enhance their antioxidant activity.

M. madrespatana plant. it absolutely was reported  that it's 

• anti-inflammatory
• antiarthritic
• anti-asthmatic
• antitussive
• antihistaminic
• anti-bronchitic
• antihypertensive 
• anti-diabetic effects 

because of its powerful antioxidant potential.

M. madrespatana additionally concerned within the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitter operate and produces anxiolytic, antidepressant, and memory-enhancing effects. 

These consequences provide the medicine indication of folkloric practices of this plant for a few medicine disorders. 

It's prompt that daily intake of M. madrespatana peel may be an increased inhibitor system of the body and a possible medication for the daily stress-based scenario.

M. maderaspatana and conjugate cephalosporin, results showed conjugated ceftriaxone with silver nanoparticles have higher inhibitor and antimicrobial result as compared to unconjugated nanoparticles.

 M. maderaspatana leaf-tea consumption on blood pressure, lipide profile, measure, fibrinogen, bilirubin, and albumen levels in patients with high blood pressure. 

They terminated that there was a gradual decrease in BP and additionally beneficial effects in others. 

Larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles were 

synthesized using leaf liquid extract against Culex fatigansand Aedes aegypti,result showed synthesized silver nanoparticles have 

predominant larvicidal activity.

Colloquial name 

English: Madras pea pumpkin, Bristly bryony, Rough bryony 

Tamil: அயிலேயம் ayileyam, சுக்கை cukkai, சுரேசுவரி curecuvari, இருகுரங்கின்கை iru-kurankin-kai, கோத்திரிகை kottirikai, குரங்கு kuranku, முசுமுசுக்கை muchumuchukkai, பரிபுஷ்கரை paripushkarai, பத்தரா pattara, பிரா pira 

Malayalam: ചെങ്കുമ്മട്ടി cenkummatti, മുക്കാപ്പിരി mukkappiri, മുശുമുശുക്ക musumusukka, Kasappuchedi, Mukkapperam, Mukkalppeeram

Hindi: बिलाड़ी bilari, ग्वालककरी gwalakakri, कचरी kachari, मुसमुसा musmusa, परिपुष्करा paripushkara, पिण्डिला pindila, सेंद send, सेटु setu 

Assamese: বন তিঁয়হ ban tioh 

Kachchhi: ચણચીભડજીવલ chanachibadajival 

Kannada: ಕಾಡಪಾವಟೆ ಬಳ್ಳಿ kaadapaavate balli, ಮಣಿತೊಂಡೆ manitonde 

Konkani: चिराटी chirati, ಮ್ಹಯ್ಸಿಕಾರ್ಟ mhaysikarta  

Marathi: चिराटी chirati, घुग्री ghugri, पांगोरी pangori

Nepali: मट्याङग्र काँक्री matyangre kankri 

Rajasthani: आँख फूटनी बेल ank phutani bel 

Telugu: కూతురుబుడమ kuturubudama, నూగుదోస nugudosa 

Bengali: আগমুখী agamukhi 

Gujarati: ચણકચીભડી chanakachibhadi 

Tulu: ನುರ್ತೆಂಗಿ nurtengi 

Urdu: کچري kachari, مسمسا musmusa, پرپشکرا paripushkara, پنڐلا pindila, سيند send, سيٿو setuSource

Sanskrit: गजचिर्भटा gajachirbhata, गोडुम्बिका godumbika, परिपुष्करा paripushkara, पिण्डिला pindila, वत्साक्षी vatsakshi 

Dental uses 

Mukia maderaspatana is employed to treat cough, cold, vertigo, burning sensation and dental pain.

Root is chewed for concerning 15 minutes to alleviate toothache.

It is conjointly used as an root canal irrigant owing to sliver nanoparticles in mukia maderaspatna as anti bacterial.

Photo credit: Vinayaraj (Wikipedia commons) 

CONTINUE…. 

PART 5 WILL RELEASE SOON… 

(Note: There are so many medical and dental uses are there but this one post is not enough to say about these plants so in order to make short we cut shorted and only few properties were noted if you want to know more about these plants please comment us we will try to make unique post of single plant elaborately) 

REFERENCE 

• http://www.flowersofindia.net
• www.wikipedia.com 
• https://indiabiodiversity.org
• https://sites.google.com/site/indiannamesofplants
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