TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN INDIA (PART-1)

INTRODUCTION 

India has one in all the world’s most refined native medical cultures, with an unbroken tradition coming back down across over four millennia. 

India is one in all the twelve mega-biodiversity countries of the world having wealthy vegetation with a large kind of plants with medicinal value. 

Over 550 tribal communities are lined beneath 227 ethnic teams residing in concerning 5000 villages of Bharat in different forests and vegetation varieties. 

Though this medical heritage is many centuries recent, even nowadays individuals within the rural and remote areas rely on it for his or her health care desires. 

According to WHO in 1978 report, over 80% of the globe population depends on traditional medication for his or her primary health care desires. 

Oral hygiene is an integral a part of general health of an individual. 

Oral unwellness will considerably 

affect the final well-being of an individual by inflicting significant pain and discomfort, thus 

affecting quality of life. 

In several countries, scientific investigations of 

medicinal plants are initiated owing to their contribution to health care. 

It is also necessary to gather the data concerning the knowledge of traditional medicines, preserved in 

tribal and rural communities of varied elements of India before it's lost for good.

1.Abutilon indicum L

Abutilon indicum (Indian abutilon, Indian mallow) may be a tiny ligneous plant within the family Malvaceae, native to tropic and semitropic regions and generally cultivated as a decorative. it's found in karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

All components of this plant 

such as leaves, seeds, flowers and roots are wide used as a medicine.

Taxonimical description 

Kingdom:Plantae

Order:Malvales

Family:Malvaceae

Genus:Abutilon

Species:A. indicum 

Medicinal uses

Pharmacologically, this plant is wide used as an 

medication, antifibrinolytic, inhibitor, antibacterial, anti ulcer, antifungal and wound medication. 

It is helpful in 

• gouty arthritis
• TB, ulcers
• bleed­ing disorders  
• worms
• digestive problems 
• laxative
• expec­torant
• diuretic
• astringent
• analgesic
• anti-inflammatory
• anthelmintic
• demulcent and 
• aphrodisiac. 

Roots are prescribed in fever, chest affectionateness and urethritis. 

Historically, Root and bark are used as aphrodisiac, anti  diabetic, nervine tonic, and diuretic drug. 

Seeds are employed in urinary disorders. 

The seeds are used as a laxative in piles and within the treatment of cough.

Colloquial name

English : Indian Mallow, Country Mallow, Abutilon, Indian abutilon 

Tamil: Paniyara, tutti

Hindi: Kanghi 

Kannada: Tutti 

Bengali: Potari

Malayalam:  Velluram 

Telugu: Tuturabenda 

Manipuri: Kanghi 

Nepali:  Atibaalu, Atibalaa

Marathi: Petari 

Dental uses

Abutilon indicum capability is already being 

developed in dental medicine as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-bacterial also are caused by the content of eugenol from A. indicum.

simmering utilized in ache and tender gums. Demulcents of leaves are regionally applied to boils and ulcers

Small branches are cut in to tiny pieces and used as tooth brush to scrub the teeth. 

Further The leaf paste is employed for the treatment of toothache.

Photo credit: Bō-á-tún ê hoe (Wikipedia commons) 

2.Acacia catechu (L.f.)

Taxonomical classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae (or Leguminosae)

Genus: Acacia

Species: A. catechu

Medicinal uses

Acacia catechu unremarkably referred to as catechu may be a medicinal plant used for diverse functions. 

The bark of this plant is powerful 

• antioxidant
• astringent
• anti-inflammatory
• anti-bacterial and 
• antifungal in nature. 

The extract of this plant is employed to treat raw 

• throats and diarrhea

conjointly helpful in 

• high blood pressure
• dysentery
• colitis
• gastric issues
• asthma
• cough
• leucorrhoea and 
• Hansen's disease. 

The heartwood is employed to yield focused liquid extract i.e. kutch that is astringent, cooling and organic process. 

it's helpful in cough, ulcers, boils and eruptions of the skin. 

Simmering of the bark is given internally just in case of infectious disease. 

Acacia spp. produces gum exudates, historically referred to as gum acacia or gum arabic, that are wide utilized in the food trade comparable to emulsifiers, adhesives, stabilizers and in chronic nephrosis 

Colloquial name

English: Black catechu,Black cutch tree,White kutch,Cutch tree,Catechu

Tamil : கறை Karai,காசுக்கட்டி, Kacu-k-katti, செங்கருங்காலி Cenkarungali

Telugu : నల్లచండ్ర Nallacandra,ఖదిరము Khadiramu. కవిరిచండ్ర Kaviricandra

Urdu :  کهير Khair 

Assamese: খৈৰ Kher

Gujarati: ખેર Kher, HinKhair

Hindi: पयोर Payor,मदन Madan,पथिद्रुम Pathi-drum,दन्त धावन Dant-dhavan,गायत्रिन् Gayatrin,खयर Khayar,खैर Khair,प्रियसख Priya-sakh

Sanskrit : प्रियसख Priya-sakh,पथिद्रुम Pathi-drum,पयोर Payor,खदिरः Or खादिरः Khadira,गायत्रिन् Gayatrin

Bengali: খয়ের Khayer

Kannada: ಕದಿರ Kadira,ಕಾದು Kadu,ಕಾಚು, Kaachu, Kaggli, ಕಗ್ಗಲಿ Kaggali, Konkaniखैर Khair

Malayalam: Cutch tree,Karingali,Kadiram,കരിണ്ടാലി Karintaali

Marathi : यज्ञवृक्ष Yajnavrksa,खैर Khair,खयर Khayar

Nepali : खयर Khayar

Dental use

It's used as gargle for mouth, gum, sore throat, gingivitis, dental and oral infections.

Power of stem bark is used to cure bleeding gums and sores.

Photo credit : Vinayaraj (Wikipedia commons) 

3.Acacia nilotica L. 

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Genus: Acacia

Species: A. nilotica

Medicinal uses

Acacia Nilotica  plant has 

• anti-microbial
• anti-plasmodial and
• inhibitor activity and used for treatment of 

• human immunodeficiency virus

• hepatitis C virus and 

• cancer.

it's helpful for treatment of genital diseases, nausea, burns and wounds, stomach ache and diarrhoea. 

Poached (boiled) leaf extract used for 

• respiratory illness
• impotence 
• chest diseases
• fever
• malaria
• headache
• coughs
• painful joints
• backache
• abdomen ulcers 

are among several different medicative uses of this plant. 

The contemporary pods of tree Nilotica are effective in sexual disorders corresponding to spermatorrhoea, loss of viscousness of sperm cell and continual night discharges. 

Acacia nilotica is helpful to stop of premature ejaculation, relieve irritation in acute gonorrhoea and leucorrhoea, urine-genital disorder comparable to pelvic prolapse.

Colloquial name

English: Gum Arabic Tree

Hin: Babul

Spanish: goma arábica, acacia gomifera 

Tamil: Karuvelam

French: acacia de cayenne, gommier rouge 

Dental uses

The branches are cut into tiny pieces and used as tooth brush without any tooth paste. 

The bark powder is employed as a tooth paste.

Photo credit: J.M.Garg (Wikipedia commons) 

4.Acalypha indica L.

Acalypha indica  is an nonwoody annual that has catkin-like inflorescences with concave involucres encompassing the minute flowers.

Medicinal uses

The juice of Acalypha indica is further to oil or lime and wont to treat a range of skin disorders.  

The dried leaves of Acalypha  indica are created into a poultice  to treat bedsores and wounds. 

The leaves  of Acalypha grandis  have additionally been according to  possess contraceptive activity and also  leaf extracts scale back mutagenicity in E.  coli.and posses anti periodic and laxative properties.

Leaf is additionally used for action jaundice, piles, rheumatism, ulcers, outwardly  skin eruptions, ring worms, eczema.  

The  leaf extract is applied to pustules, insect bites,a simmering of the leaves offers relief in ache. 

The Acalypha  indica root is  prescribed as a tonic,  astringent, medication and powerful purgative. 

Acalypha indica  has antibacterial drug  Activity against Human  Pathogens inflicting nosocomial Infection and a number of other other microbes. 

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom:Plantae

Order:Malpighiales

Family:Euphorbiaceae

Subtribe:Acalyphinae

Genus:Acalypha

Species:A. indica

Colloquial name

English: Indian Acalypha, Indian Mercury, Indian Copperleaf, Indian Nettle, three-seeded mercury

Tamil: Kuppaimaeni,Poonamayakki,Naai Kurungu,Kuppaimeni,Naaikurungu 

Assamese: Muktojhuri,Patra-manjori

Malayalam: Kuppamani,Kuppameni

Dental uses 

Decoction of the herb in used as a cure 

for tooth.

It additionally helps in periodontitis, gum bleedings.

5.Achyranthes aspera L. 

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Caryophyllales

Family: Amaranthaceae

Genus: Achyranthes

Species: A. aspera

Medicinal uses

The herb is run in india in cases of edema.

The seeds are given in hydrophobia, and in cases of snake-bites, also as in ophthalmitis and cutaneal diseases.

The flowering spikes, rubbed with a bit sugar, are created into pills, and given internally to folks bitten by mad dogs. 

The leaves, taken recent and reduced to a pulp, are thought-about an honest remedy once applied outwardly to the bites of scorpions. 

The Maasai folks of Kenya use the plant medicinally to ease the symptoms of malaria.

Colloquial name 

English: Prickly Chaff Flower

Tamil: ஆகாடம் Akatam, Naayuruvi, Naaiyuruvi, அபாமார்க்கம், Mullu,நாயுருவி Nayuruvi, Apamarkkam,Naagarkaaimullu,Naagarkaai 

Malayalam: കടലാടി Katalaati

Sanskrit: आकृतिःच्छत्रा Akrutihchhatra,अपामार्ग, Apamarga,वशीर Vashir,मयूर Mayur,अधःघण्टा, Adhahaghanta,अक्षर Akshara,प्रत्यञ्च्पुष्प Pratyanchapushpa,खरमञ्जरी Kharamanjari

Manipuri: খুজুম্পেৰে Khujumpere

Marathi: किणी Kini,खरमंजरी Kharamanjari,अघाडा Aghada,अपामार्ग Apamarga

Assamese: Ubtisath,Ulti Aghada,अपामार्ग Apamargahot,Bonsoth,Uvoti-soth,Ubhot-kata,Obhat kata

Gujarati: આઘારો Agharo

Hindi: दुरअभिग्रह Durabhigrah,प्रत्यकपुष्पी Pratyakpushpi,अघाड़ा Aghara,लटजीरा Latjira,मयूर Mayur,मधुकर Madhukar,चिरचिरा Chirchira,वशीर Vashir,धानुष्का Dhanushka,तरुण Tarun

Telugu: ప్రత్యక్పుష్పి Pratyak-pushpi,ఉత్తరేణు Uttarenu

Urdu:  اگهاڙا Aghara,چرچرا Churchura 

Dental uses

Small branches are cut in to little items and used as tooth brush; mixture of the twig is additionally used as a wash for tooth pain. 

The dried root powder is employed as tooth paste and it wont to treat gum disorders. 

Soak cotton within the extract of 3-4 leaves and apply it on aching tooth. 

It conjointly helps in filling and healing up of recent time cavities.

Photo credit: Daya ram sigh bhamra (Wikipedia commons) 

6.Achillea millefolium Linn.

It is native to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere in Asia and Europe and North America.

It has been introduced as a feed for eutherian mammal in New Zealand and Australia.

In Asian nation it's normally distributed in the Himalaya from Kashmir to Kumaun at altitude of 1,050-3, 600m. 

Also seen growing in city and Belgaum areas

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Asterales

Family: Asteraceae

Genus: Achillea

Species: A. millefolium 

Medicinal uses

Different elements of the plant are employed in ancient medication as 

• diaphoretic
• astringent
• tonic
• stimulant and delicate aromatic
• cold and influenza
• Amenorrhea
• counteractive. 

The aerial elements of the plant are used for phlegm conditions, as a bitter digestive tonic to encourage digestive fluid flow, and as a diuretic drug. 

The alkaloids extracted from the leaves of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) are reported  to own medication and analgesic activity. 

yarrow shows many characteristic pharmacologic effects like 

• gastroprotective
• bactericide
• antioxidant
• Antiseptic
• expectorator
• carminative activity 

that are per the reported  uses of the plant extracts within the native system of medication. 

Colloquial name 

English : Yarrow, Milfoil, Thousand leaf

Tamil: Achchilliya

Hindi : Gandmaar, Gandna, Gandrain, Puthkanda, भूतकॆशी Bhut Kesi 

Arabic : Suila, Fafor 

Persian: Brinjasif, Buimaderan 

Marathi : Rojmaari

Urdu: Tukhm gandana, Buiranjasif, Brinjasuf

Konkani: Rajmari

Cutch and Himachal Pradesh : Brinjasif 

Kashmiri : Momadru, Chopandiga 

Unani : Tibbi Name: Artamasia, Artiyamasia

Dental uses

Yarrow is employed to treat hemorrhages, ulcers and to boost blood curdling. 

Additionally used as mouth wash to market healing of cuts in mouth because of surgery, teeth cleansing and braces

Leaves Chewed to alleviate tooth ache ,mouth freshener 

7.Aegle marmelos (L.) 

Aegle marmelos L., could be a species of tree native to the Indian landmass and Southeast Asia.

It is present in Bharat, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malesia as a naturalized species.

The tree is taken into account to be sacred by Hindus.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Sapindales

Family: Rutaceae

Genus: Aegle

Species: A. marmelos

Medicinal uses

The fruit possesses broad vary of therapeutic effects that includes 

• radical scavenging
• antioxidant
• inhibition of lipide peroxidation
• antibacterial drug
• antiviral
• anti-diarrheal
• gastroprotective
• anti-ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease, 
• hepatoprotective
• anti-diabetic
• cardioprotective and 
• radioprotective 

Aegle marmelos is traditionally accustomed treat 

• jaundice
• constipation
• chronic 
• diarrhea
• dysentery
• ache
• stomachic
• fever
• asthma
• inflammations
• feverish delirium
• acute respiratory disease
• snakebite
• abdominal discomfort
• acidity, burning sensation
• epilepsy
• indigestion
• leprosy 
• myalgia
• smallpox
• spermatorrhoea, 
• leucoderma
• eye disorders
• ulcers
• mental diseases
• nausea
• sores
• swelling
• thirst
• thyroid disorders
• tumors
• ulcers and 
• upper tract infections
• Anaemia
• Fractures
• Healing of Wounds
• Swollen Joints
• High Blood Pressure
• Diarrhoea
• Healthy Mind and Brain typhoid fever 
• Troubles throughout gestation.

Sweet drink ready from the pulp of fruits manufacture a soothing effect on the patients who have simply recovered from bacillary 

dysentery. 

The pulp of unripe fruit is soaked in gingelly oil for a 

week and this oil is smudgy over the body before bathing.

This oil is claimed to be helpful in removing the peculiar burning sensation within the soles. 

The roots and therefore the bark of the tree are utilized in the treatment of fever by creating a simmering of them. 

The leaves are created into a poultice and utilized in the treatment of opthalmia

Colloquial name 

English: Bael  fruit, Indian bael,  holy fruit, golden apple,  elephant apple, Indian quince,  stone apple

Tamil: Vilvam

Gujrati:   Billi

Urdu:  bel

Sanskrit: Bilwa,  sriphal

Hindi: baelputri,  bela, sriphal, kooralam

Indonesian: maja  batuh, maja

Japanese: modjo

Thai: matum,  mapin, tum

Vietnames: tar  imam, mbau  nau

Arab: Bull, Quiththa  el hind

Burmese: Opesheet,  ohshit, bel Indian

German: Belbaum, Schleimapfelbaum

French: Oranger du Malabar,  cognassier du bengale,  bel Indian

Dental uses

Shoot often used as tooth brush. 

Leaf on chew removes bad breath and check infection.

Photo credit: Flickr 

8.Ageratum conyzoides L.

Ageratum conyzoides is native to Tropical America, particularly Brazil, and regarded an invasive weed in several alternative regions.

It has currently unfold to numerous cultivated and uncultivated areas within the mountainous tracts of North india.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Asterales

Family: Asteraceae

Tribe: Eupatorieae

Genus: Ageratum

Species: A. conyzoides

Medicinal uses 

Ageratum conyzoides has been used as

•  purgative
• febrifuge
• anti-ulcer and 
• wound dressing 

It also uses in

• Gastroprotective 
• Anti-proliferative/anticancer
• Radio-protective
• Haematoprotective
• Anti inflammatory 
• Anti diabetic 
• Anti protozoan
• Anti bacterial 
• Antioxidants 
• Antiflatoxigenic
• Thrombolytic
• Wound healing properties 

Hematopoietic  properties, it  is so necessary that  this medicative herb be screened/ assayed for the antisickling effects. 

Toxic property of A. conyzoides

Ingesting A. conyzoides will cause liver lesions and tumors.

These toxics effects were attributed to its total alkaloids particularly to pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are present in this plant. 

The plant contains the pyrrolizidine alkaloids lycopsamine and echinatine. 

There was a mass poisoning incident in African nation as a results of contamination of grain with A. conyzoides.

Colloquial name 

English: Goat weed, Billy goat weed, Tropical whiteweed 

Tamil: Pumppillu, Appakkoti 

Hindi: जंगली पुदीना Jangli pudina, Visadodi, Semandulu, Gha buti, Bhakumbar

Malayalam: Kattappa, Muriyan pacca 

Bengali: Uchunti 

Sanskrit: Visamustih 

Marathi: Ghanera osaadi 

Kannada: Oorala gida, Helukasa 

Manipuri: ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯥꯏ ꯅꯄꯤ খোংগজাঈ নপী Khongjai napi

Mizo: Vai-len-hlo 

Nepali: भेडा झार Bhedaa Jhaar, बोके घाँस Boke Ghaans, गनमने घाँस Ganamane Ghaans, गनाउने झार Ganaaune Jhaar, सेतो रावन्ने Seto Rawanne, गन्धे Gandhe 

Dental uses

Leaves used for Mouth ulcer

Provide enamel hardness in micro level in primary teeth. 

Photo credit: Minghong (creative commons) 

9.Allium cepa L. 

Onions are cultivated and used round the world. 

As a food item, they're sometimes served done, as a vegetable or a part of a ready savoury dish, however may also be ingested raw or accustomed build pickles or chutneys. 

They're pungent once shredded and contain bound chemical substances that irritate the eyes.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom:bPlantae

Order: Asparagales

Family: Amaryllidaceae

Subfamily: Allioideae

Genus: Allium

Species: A. cepa

Medicinal uses 

 It's chiefly used as a

• Standard drugs for cold. 
• Normalizes blood pressure. 
• Increase appetence. 
• Stimulates the sweat glands and promote sweating.
• Helps to stop diarrhoea. 
• Stimulates the respiratory tract and helps in discharge phlegm
• Kills or inhibits fungus infections as of sulphur content
• Inhibits neoplastic cell growth particularly carcinoma. 
• Anti-colon cancer properties are acknowledge among ancient healers round the world. 
• Contains fat-soluble vitamin and C. 

Allium cepa is used for the treatment of 

Colloquial names

English: Onion 

Tamil: வெங்காயம் Vengayam

Manipuri: তিলহৌ Tilhou 

Hindi: प्याज़ Pyaz 

Netherlands: ui

Portuguese: cebola

French: oignon

Tangkhul: Tarui

Sweden: loek

Spanish: cebolla

Italy: cipolla; cipollina

Arabic: bassal

Germany: Spiesez wiebel

Dental uses

Onions are usually accustomed stop caries and oral infections. 

Chewing raw onions for two to three minutes might presumably kill all the germs gift within the mouth space.

Bulb juice also used to cure toothache and bleeding gums.

10.Allium sativum L. 

It is native to Central Asia and northeastern Iran, and has long been a typical seasoning worldwide, with a history of many thousand years of human consumption and use.

Taxonomical classification 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Asparagales

Family: Amaryllidaceae

Subfamily: Allioideae

Genus: Allium

Species: A. sativum

Medicinal uses 

Garlic incorporates a big selection of medicine effects together with 

• antimicrobial
• cardiovascular
• anti-inflammatory
• anticancer and
• Immunomodulatory activity among several different effects. 

Allicin, allyl group methyl sulfide, DTS, and ajoene are shown to be the most accountable compounds for the 

• antifungal
• bactericide
• antiprotozoal and 
• antiviral effects of garlic, severally. 

Colloquial names

English: Garlic 

Tamil: acanam, பூண்டு 

Hindi: लहसुन Lahsun, लहसन Lahsan, लस्सन Lassan 

Assamese: naharu 

Manipuri: চনম Chanam 

Malay: Bawang putih

Mizo: purun-var, purunvar 

Tangkhul: Hanam 

Telugu: velluli వెల్లుల్లి

Urdu: लैहसन lehsan

Arabic: الثوم

Kannada: belluli 

Malayalam: vellulli 

Dental uses

The paste of the bulb is applied to the gums and cavities of infected teeth.

It is used for pulp treatment in permanent dentition. 

Photo credit: Kickof (creative commons) 

CONTINUE… 

PART - 2 WILL BE RELEASE SOON……

REFERENCE

• http://www.flowersofindia.net
• www.wikipedia.com 
• https://indiabiodiversity.org

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• Peyman Mikaili, Surush Maadirad, Milad Moloudizargari,Shahin Aghajanshakeri,and Shadi Sarahroodi. Therapeutic Uses and Pharmacological Properties of Garlic, Shallot, and Their Biologically Active Compounds. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2013 Oct; 16(10): 1031–1048.
• Photo credit 

• https://commons.m.wikimedia.org  

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